from the November 22, 1934 TAMPA TRIBUNE
1933 and 1934 photos of the construction of the ship channel and jetties at St. Andrews Bay from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers photos printed in SAND IN MY SHOES by John A. Burgess (1986)
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Emancipation and its Results.
SPEECH OF Hon. S. S. COX, of OHIO,
IN THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, JUNE 3, 1862
IS OHIO TO BE AFRICANIZED?
The London Times gives a truthful picture of the freed negro of Hayti, which has its counterpart here already:
"The negro is a lazy animal, without any foresight, and therefore requiring to be led and compelled. He is decidedly inferior, very little raised above a mere animal. He is void of self-reliance, and is the creature of circumstances, scarcely fitted to take care of himself; has no care for tomorrow; has no desire for property strong enough to induce him to labor; lives from hand to mouth. In Jamaica emancipation has thrown enormous tracts of land out of cultivation, and on these the negro squats, getting all he wants with very little trouble, and sinking, in the most absolute fashion, back to savage state."
But it may be urged that there were too many blacks for the whites in the West Indies, and the experiment failed in consequence. Then let us go to Carada, where our slaves are under English laws, and in the midst of people not specially prejudiced.
The testimony is that settlements at Chatham, Dawn, Amherstburg, Buxton, Dresden, and other points are utter failures. It was soon discovered that the blacks preferred charity to labor. The blacks proved lazy, shiftless, improvident, "there not being more than three or four families of a different character out of the one hundred and fifty which comprised the settlement at Buxton. They suffer terribly in winter for want of clothing. The Dresden settlement, planned on the principle of the Socialists, proved a total failure. A few years since Chathham was a bright and prosperous village; but now more than a quarter of its population are negroes, and three-fourths of them are worthless idlers and petty thieves."
But it may still be urged that in the North—in Ohio—the free negro will work, will rise, will add to the security of the State and the prosperity of the people. I select one from a string of black gems. I select it from the district of my friend, [Mr. Harrison,] who will avouch its correctness. Greene county, Ohio, has nearly fifteen hundred negroes.
The following extract from the Xenia (Ohio) News, (a Republican paper in Greene County,) will give some idea of their condition: "There, are about one hundred negroes in Greene County who are always out of employment. A part of these are those who have lately been freed by their masters, and furnished with a bonus, on which they are now gentlemanly loafing. Our jail is continually filled with negroes committed for petty offenses, such as affrays, petty larceny, drunkenness, assault and battery, for whose prosecution and imprisonment the town of Xenia has to pay about five hundred dollars per annum. And to such persons going to jail is rather pleasure than a disgrace. They are better fed and lodged there than when vagabondizing around our streets.
"We have seen the negro prostitutes flaunting down Main Street, three or four abreast, sweeping all before them indiscriminately. We have seen ladies of respectability running upon the cellar doors, and even into gutters, to avoid being run over by these impudent hussies. It was only the other evening that we saw a lady completely turned around by some black girls, who never deviated from their path in the middle of the sidewalk, and our own cheek has burned with indignation at the lecherous smile of invitation which has been flung into our faces by these swarthy demoiselles. Other gentlemen have complained of the insulting boldness of their address. sickened with the recital.
It is a disagreeable task to lance the sore which has so long been gathering unheeded; and it is equally so to probe this evil, which unawares is growing in our midst. As we have in a former number already said, we feel no prejudice again t the black man on account of color, or for mere degradation; but, at the same time, we are unwilling that we should be m rally infected by contact with an interior race, the result of which contact is in no way beneficial to the black, and highly injurious to the white.” Some years ago, there was a negro colony established in Brown County, Ohio, as to which the Cincinnati Gazette said that "in a little while the negroes became too lazy to play." A Senator in Ohio characterized the colony as follows: “The black settlement in Brown County was made in 1819, the original number located there being ** "" * ** - ..... , ______ o _______ ____ - — www voing four hundred and twenty, for whom about two thousand acres of land were procured. From the commencement there has been no improvement in their morals or habits. Idleness and vice are the prevailing concomitants. The cost of criminal prosecutions has been very large in proportion to the number of inhabitants and keeps up a proportionate average with their increase.
In the vicinity of this settlement there is not a family within two miles who are not kept in constant dread of depredations or injury of some sort. Everything valuable that can be removed is stolen. They are absolutely compelled to confine themselves to what is merely necessary to support life, for anything beyond from hand to mouth must inevitably fall a prey to the lurking vagrants, who, far worse than a gang of gypsies, are hovering around seeking literally what they may devour. And this state of things is not confined to any section alone; it extends, in a greater or less degree, wherever this portion of the population is permanently located." It might be a profitable calculation to ascertain what will be the depreciation of property in.Ohio, if the numberless itinerant blacks from the South are to be admitted to the State. The House will member the ineffectual efforts of Gerritt Smith make a black agricultural colony in New York __ was obliged to confess that "the mass of them rot both physically and morally." I could produce similar evidence from the New York Tribune, but the strength of the statement would not be increased by quoting from such a cesspool of iniquity.
I lay down the proposition that the white and black races thrive bast apart; that a commingling of these races is a detriment to both; that it does not elevate the black, and it only depresses the white; that the history of this continent, especially in Hispano-America, shows that stable, civil order and government are impossible with such a population. In Peru their commingling has led to the decay and degradation of their progeny. Dr. Tschu- di, in his travels in Peru, enumerates some dozen crosses of the negro, Indian, and white, with their various and vicious products. The character these mixed races is that of brutality, cowardice and crime, which has no parallel in any age or land.
you permit the dominant and subjugated races to remain upon the same soil, and grant them any approach to social and political equality, amalgamation, more or less, is inevitable. It has invariably followed this blending of people, however opposite the original stocks. In illustration, let me quote the remark of a distinguihed divine, Dr. McGill:
"Look at Mexico where the proud Castillian, the subjugate of the Indian, and the barbarous African slave were all made free and equal just about one generation, or thirty two years ago, by a single decree to meet what was considered ‘a military necessity.’ More than half of the whole population is already mixed blooded; and just as amalgamation advances, degradation deepens; anarchy prevails; laws, constitutions, and the ballot box are a mockery; wave after wave of military despotism has left that republic, of more than eight millions of souls, one of the fairest regions under heaven for the acquisition of wealth and glory, without money, without credit, without commerce, without union, without religion, until at length the ambition of Spain herself seeks to remand the abject people to their old repudiated thralldom ".
A speech by Wisconsin Senator Doolittle on the floor of the House of Representatives in the U.S. Capitol from the March 22, 1862 ROCHESTER TIMES-UNION
I know it is said that the objection which is felt on the part of the white population of this country to living side by side in social and civil equality with the negro race is all a mere prejudice of caste. But its foundations are laid deeper than mere prejudice. It is an instinct of our nature. Men may theorize on the condition of the two races living together, but the thing is impossible; the instincts of both races are against it.
Let us look at real facts, and neither deceive ourselves nor anybody else. How do the Free States stand on the question? In my own State, where there are few colored men, there is not much feeling, one way or the other. And so in New England. But in the States near to the Slave States how is it? Illinois has formed a Constitution excluding free colored men. Indi90.8 bas some similar provision, and I •venture to say if you come down to the practical question whether, if the whole negro population were to be set tree and distributed around among the several States, you would find just the same repugnance in the more Northern States that is now exhibited in Illinois and Indiana.
I have been informed that in 1843 a distin'guished gentleman of Vermont was elected to Congress, and one of his neighbors, a well to do farmer, came to pay respects to him before he left for Washington, and says he, "Judge, when you get to Washington, I wish you would take hold of this negro question and have it disposed of.. Let us bare Slavery abolished and no more said about it." Well, said the Judge, " I suppose many of those people who bold slaves have paid nioney for them." Perhaps you think ti would be no more than just that they should have some compensation." Well, yes, says the farmer,' " I think I would stand my share of the tax for that." But," said the Judge, "there is another thing. If they are emancipated, it js an important question, what shall be done with them? There must be some place for them to live. Perhaps you would think it fair that we should take our share of them ?" " Well, about how many would that be?" *Well, our share would be about one to every six whites, or about 500 for the town of Woodstock." " What," said the farmer, *500 negroes in Woodstock. I will bid you good evening, Judge." He started off, but as he got on to his horse he turned around and said: * Judge, you need not do anything more about the negro business on my account." [Laughter.] Perhaps it is not amiss to say that that distinguished Judge sits before me now.
[Mr. Collamer.] Now when we come to the thing itself, and look it seriously in the face, it is a very important question what is to be done with this race of people, In 1856, when the Hon. Andrew Johnson was Governor of Tennessee, it was supposed there might be a negro insurrection in that State, and large numbers of the white population who had no slaves, were in the habit of calling upon him for arms, for the alleged purpose of preventing a slave insurrection, but he ascertained the fact that these men were conspiring to massacre the whole slave population, and he felt called upon to bring out the militia, not to prevent the negroes from rising, but to prevent the white population from destroying the negro population. There are, in my judgment, three solutions to this negro question. One contended for by such men as Toombs and Davis, that Slavery is a blessing to all men, black and white, and should be extended everywhere, and that Africa should be re-opened to the slave trade and possession be taken of the whole of tropical America so that Slavery should hold in gigantic embrace a monopoly of the sugar, rice and cotton of the world.
This is the dream of Southern fanaticism and Southern ambition. It is a gigantic dream. So, on the other hand, there is another idea, which, in my judgment, is just as wide of the mark, which is, that the whole negro population of the United States should be set free precisely where they are, side by side with their masters there in the slave States, on a footing of equality and entitled to all the rights of manhood. A system of equalIty which brings the laboring white man and the colored man precisely on the same level, and which of necessity must lead in the end to an amalgamation of the races, so as to produce in the Southern States the same state as in Mexico -make a nation of mulattoes and yellow men. This I may be permitted to denominate the solution of old John Brown.
I stand by the solution which Jefferson himself laid down, which is that we should give universal liberty to universal men but we will separate these two races, that they may live by themselves in the enjoyment of their rights, social, political and otherwise. That solution is in accordance with the great law which the Almighty has stamped upon the universe. Men can no more reverse it than they can make a new world. The black race will dominate in the tropics always, and our race will dominate in the temperate zone always. The leaders of the slave aristocarcy of the South told the nonslavehold ing people there that it was our purpose not only to abolish Slavery in the District of Columbia, but it was also the purpose of the present Republican party to overthrow Slavery in the Siates and put the black men on a social and political equality with his master; and they made them beheve it, and only through that belief they induced them to take up arms against the Government.
If we go forward on this plan of universal emancipation, we shall make their prophecies true, and make all the statements we made in the campaign of 1860 false, Sir, I will not consent to do it. It will be a violation of every pledge we gave in the canvass of 1860, and in violation of the platform on which we brought the Administration into power. -Mr. D. closed by referring again to the various tropical countries where an empire might be founded by the black race, which would be of vast commercial benefit to this country, and also might be the means of thwarting the ambitious designs of Spain.
He contended that it was the duty of Congress to legislate in such a manner as to promote the best interests of all races, and in accordance with justice and humanity to all mankind.
Boats on St. Andrews Bay from 1861-1865
from the April 16, 1908 PANAMA CITY PILOT
1860-1870. This decade covers the war period, during which the Bay country suffered the loss and damage incident to being within the field of conflict between the two forces. At the entrance of the bay was stationed, from 1861 to the close of the war, Federal war vessels, which were blockading the harbor, and making trips to various points about the different bays, destroying salt works, capturing different classes of vessels engaged in blockade running, burning the boats of the fishermen and others that were found at various points along the shores, and destroying Old St Andrews.
The Federal vessels engaged in this work included the steamers Bloomer and Albatross, brig Bohio, and barks Restless, Pursuit, Roebuck, Midnight and Wanderer. Possibly there were others in this bay, but if so their names are not given in the reports.
On April 4th, 1862, armed boats from the blockaders captured the sloop Lafayette, that had run the blockade, entered the bay and loaded with cotton, and was at the time of capture lying in Crooked island Sound deserted by the crew. The most important capture reported in the bay occurred on the following day when the Confederate steamer Florida loaded with cotton was captured in North Bay by the same crews. Various reports show the destruction of small boats, a large number having been burned at one time at Old Town.
In fact during those dark days there, was not a boat outside of those connected with the forces, on one side or the other, but was destroyed. They were not of large size, but in many cases they represented the little all of the poor fisherman or farmer who owned them. Old St Andrews had been destroyed, as well as all buildings of value upon the bay.
MOST OF THE U.S. NAVY'S BOATS ON ST. ANDREWS BAY DURING THE CIVIL WAR WERE UNDER THE EAST GULF BLOCKADING SQUADRON OUT OF KEY WEST Civil War Navy Sesquicentennial: Key West and the East Gulf Blockading Squadron
HOWEVER, THE USS BLOOMER WAS USUALLY UNDER THE WESTERN GULF BLOCKADING SQUADRON OUT OF PENSACOLA AND SHIP ISLAND.Civil War Navy Sesquicentennial: Facing the Forts: The West Gulf Blockading Squadron
USS R.R. CUYLER was the first U.S. Naval vessel ordered to blockade St. Andrews Bay.
from the June 27, 1862 GREENFIELD [Mass] DEMOCRAT
On the 20th of February she was transferred to the Eastern Division of the Gulf Squadron, under Flag Officer McKean, and proceeded to examine the bays St. Joseph and St. Andrews, cruising along the coast of Florida to Key West. The remainder of her service was mostly in cruising off the coast of Cuba, in which she captured several prizes.
USS R.R. CUYLER cannon on display in Oyster Bay, New York.
A Cannon from the Civil War ship USS R.R. Cuyler in Oyster Bay – rosalinda r. Morgan's Musings
USS BLOOMER USS Bloomer - Wikipedia sternwheel steamer,
inquiry concerning the Bloomer Mystery of the USS Bloomer | Researching Civil War Records & Ancestry | American Civil War Forums
Hi all, I'm doing research on one of my favorite Civil War ancestors, a German immigrant in the Union Navy named Frederick Nicholas Kolmetz. He enlisted in Brooklyn in July of '61 and was put onboard the Potomac. That ship however was laid up in Pensacola Navy Yard in '62 and from what I gather its crew was scattered to the winds for the rest of the war around West Florida. I know from a testimony he gave for another man's pension that he participated in blockading actions on the Choctawhatchee River at one point after the lay up but I came across something interesting on Fold 3. One card identifies him as having been a crewman on the USS Bloomer a ship he and his widow did not claim on their pension application. From my understanding the Bloomer was captured in southern Alabama on a raid by men of the Potomac and later crewed by Potomac men as well and from the Official Records it looks like Farragut was impressed with her work destroying salt works on the coast. Anyhow I'm wondering if anyone has any suggestions for finding crew logs or anything that might give me insight as to how my ancestor was connected to this ship? I'd love to be able to tie him to the Alabama raid or the salt works raiding but I have to be sure. Thanks anyone who may be able to help.
In June 1865 she sank in East Pass, Santa Rosa Island, Florida. After the wreck was raised, it was sold on September 22, 1865 to S. P. Griffin & Co., of Woolsey, Florida. Redocumented as Emma on April 5, 1866, the vessel served a private owner until 1868 when she was sold to a foreign purchaser and disappeared from American shipping records.
tender for the Bloomer, sloop CAROLINE
The shadow of the meat-hung roof puddles sterile as the site of Carthage. Rain will lick away the savor in about a century. The light cannot feel at home on this ground for a while, nor rabbits warm here at a hearth of vegetation. The scald won’t even hold a drop of snow, but eats away the lush crystals fast as heat.
Where the smoked ham sweated and fatback wept its oils, and molasses cooked down to plasma in jars, erosion rubs brine in the wound same as a pissbum in the pasture. The lye tub drooled its whey also. Hunger has left a tear track, recondite among the thickets.... Let it
scab and fur over on its own and offer no crop bigger than dew and the beadwork of berrypicking. My secret pleasure: to come and watch these shoots work up their honey from bitter clay. Lichen gardens improve the scars, patching over history. I offer the land my leisure.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Phineas_Woodbury
posted by robertoreg at 6:30 AM 
I will be happy to answer any questions you might have about me. My email address is robertoreg@gmail.com
I will be happy to answer any questions you might have about me. My email address is robertoreg@gmail.com
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