So this morning, GREATEST OF ALL TIME ALL DAY FRIDAY HOLIDAY, May 1, 2026, I was sweeping off the sidewalk in front of the office looking down the street toward Embassy Suites and I think, "How come Ward Hubbs talks about the Jemison house when he writes about the Carpenter-Leach wedding of Monday night, April 3, 1865 and Matt Clinton talks about the Leach house when he writes about the same thing."
A little later as I ate my breakfast and had my morning coffee on the front porch, my son called and I told him that as soon as I got on the computer, I was gonna look into my confusion over the Carpenter-Leach wedding. As I told him the story of the wedding, he was most impressed that there was once a big two story brick house built in 1828 at the crest of river hill on the 22oo block of 4th Street and he wanted to know when it was demolished.
The reason for my confusion comes from this quote from G. Ward Hubbs in his book, Tuscaloosa: 200 years in the making.
Page 53
"Voices were heard and lights flickered at the Jemison Mansion down Greensboro Street beyond the business district. There, a wedding between Captain James Slaughter Carpenter and Miss Emily Leach had just ended and the guests were dancing."
THE CARPENTER LEACH WEDDING OF APRIL 3, 1865 WAS AT THE JEMISON MANSION! HOW CAN THAT BE?!!!
How can that be?
Because one of Ward Hubbs' friends, the late Christopher Lyle McIlwain Christopher Lyle McIlwayne Obituary | Kirk Funeral Homes | 1955 - 2024 asserts on page 72 of his book ALABAMA 1865 that "contrary to local lore" (his words!), the wedding occurred at the Jemison House.
Where does he get that? In his footnotes he cites a July 23, 1989 Tuscaloosa News article on page 3F of that paper.
The purpose of this blog post is to expose to the public all of the LOCAL LORE that these two professional historians have chosen to contradict.
In 1916, a descendant of Dr. S.J. Leach, Miss Marie Leach wrote a description of the interrupted wedding which was published in the May 4, 1916 Montgomery Advertiser.
Here's a quote: "The old Leach home was lately bought by Tuscaloosa Railway and Utilities Company, and the site will be used to extend their immense plants, but the brick which contains the bullet that was fired at Lieutenant Gilmore was saved from the wreckage and is now in the possession of a member of the family."
Later that same month, Miss Leach's story was used as the basis for Scene 6 of the Tuscaloosa Centennial Pageant which was staged in Guild Woods.
from the May 29, 1916 TUSCALOOSA NEWS
Episode 6- The Leach-Carpenter Wedding and Burning of the University. Time April 3, 1865. The scene represents the garden in front of the Leach home. At the rear is the front of the mansion with broad stairs leading up to the doorway. In the garden at one side, Betsy and Alfred, the servants, come from the house and start to set the table.
"Mrs. Leach: enters, glances around, starts setting things right. Dr. Leach enters. She is anxiously awaiting the arrival of the bridegroom, for all things are in readiness.
"Dr. Leach makes sure that the champagne is placed in the springhouse and returns to the house. Mrs. Leach discovers three holes in the tablecloth but is assured that it is the very last one. The servant turns to see the groom approaching.
"She announces his arrival with marked excitement, rushes to meet the guests followed by another negro servant. Dr. Leach welcomes the groom assuring him that they had done their best for the wedding celebration, despite the war. Mrs. Leach chides Dr. Leach for keeping Jim, the groom, from Emily, the bride-elect. The clergyman arrives and the wedding party goes out to meet him. Other friends arrive in shays, carriages and on foot. The wedding is heard, the negroes crowd in to view the bride. The music ceases, the couple proceeds to the altar for the wedding ceremony.
"The music peals forth again, the servants busy themselves about the table. The wedding procession comes out of the house, followed by bridesmaids, groomsmen, parents of the bride and guests in pairs. The procession breaks up and congratulations are extended. Square dances are indulged in and "The Bonny Blue Flag" is sung.
"Dr. Leach brings in the champagne which is to be served with all sorts of dainty food, characteristic of the South. The wedding cake is placed in the middle of the table and Carpenter, the groom, draws his sword and presents it to his bride to cut the cake with. A shot rings out, the guests become, startled while Captain Carpenter reclaims his sword. A messenger comes running to announce the arrival of the Yankees, who are approaching from the river.
"Confusion reigns in the Leach home. The champagne is hid, the jewels are carried away, the young bride clings to her husband, and women gather in groups to look in the direction of the firing. Men prepare to resist attack. A company of university cadets advance and take up their position, firing a volley or two at unseen foe. Men follow. They all pass the Leach home and a group of Yankees enter the garden. Carpenter starts to make resistance but Dr. Leach prevents, seeing the uselessness. Mrs. Leach asks that no shooting take place in her home; the soldiers lower their rifles and the Yankees forage for food, however they fail to find the champagne. Dr. Leach' watch is snatched from him by a soldier and the men at the party are forced to accompany the Yankees, save Dr. Leach. The captors march off with shouts and laughter while the bride sobs Inconsolably on her mother's shouider. Gilmore, who has been in hiding, joins Dr. Leach as the party disappears and a red glare in the distance causes excitement. Dr. Leach discovers that it comes from the university which the Yankees are burning. They go to the fire while the women retire to the house. The pageant closes with the masque symbolizing Tuscaloosa in the past, present and future. Past enters, telling of a certain city, lying in the south, having about her the richest stores of nature, placed there by soil to serve a foreseen need which the Great Mother Earth has kept as secret. Past fades away and Mother Earth, in her flowing robes of dull brown, speaks of her fertility, and of her virtues, sustainer of life, the foundation of all living things"
In 1915, the year before the Tuscaloosa Centennial, both Emily and James Carpenter died.
Emily was the first to pass away and her 1915 obituary includes this quote:Emily Alston Leach Carpenter (1843-1915) - Find a Grave Memorial
"Mrs. Carpenter was formerly Miss Emily Leach of Tuscaloosa. She was| the daughter of the late Dr. S. J. Leach and Elizabeth Fitts, a sister of the late Mr. James H. Fitts. She was a noted belle of Tuscaloosa and had numbers of friends and admirers in this her old home. Mrs.Carpenter was married to Capt. James Slaughter Carpenter in 1865, the night that Croxton's Raiders came through Tuscaloosa and the raid on the Leach home, the carrying away of the young bridegroom as a prisoner of war and the eating of the wedding feast by the federal soldiers is one of the most interesting stories of the war in and about Tuscaloosa."
From the March 29, 1915 Tuscaloosa News
"It seems that one of the officers recognized Captain Carpenter as an old schoolmate of his and under the circumstances ordered his release, and he was soon restored to the arms of his lovely bride."
On February 21, 1909 Montgomery Advertiser contains an article contributed by the Greensboro Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy:
"WAR-TIME" WEDDING OF 1865.
"This Account Is Furnished By One Of The Wedding Guests, a Relative of the Bride, (Contributed by Greensboro Chapter.) the night of the 3d of April, 1865, the people of Tuscaloosa were startled by the volleys of musketry, fired by the Yankees as they poured into the city across the bridge over Black Warrior River. It. was Croxton's brigade. They burned the commissary building on the brow of the hill, and by the light. of this fire which Illuminated the whole town, they scattered to commit other acts of vandalism on that night a wedding had taken place in the home of Mrs: Sydney Leach. Her house was very near the bridge.
"As soon as the raiders found out there was a gathering of all the young people of the town at this wedding. they sent a squad of men to arrest every man and take them prisoner. It was about 10 o'clock and the young folks were dancing, the music drowned all noise. The bride and groom were among the dancers. Suddenly the doors were burst open, and a crowd of blue coats filled the room. Walking up, they put their hands on every man, before they recovered from their amazement.
"The groom was Captain Carpenter of Memphis, Tenn. The bride was Miss Emily Leach. Of course they plead with the Yankees not to take the groom away but their orders were to arrest everyone. In order to prevent the escape of any of our men, the Yankees took the horses from the carriages.
"The scene after the men had been marched away was indescribable; there were young mothers present with children at home, and they were powerless to help themselves. Some of the girls were hiding their jewelry, others were in corners praying. others screaming and crying. of course the Yankees invaded the dining room and helped themselves to the wedding feast. All night these girls remained in terror and anxiety. When morning came each one was escorted home by a Yankee soldier for protection from the drunken rabble.
"How forlorn and miserable they were. The next morning Croxton paroled the groom and he returned to comfort his bride. That wedding and that fearful experience remains in the memory of those present until this day."
A May 31, 1916 Tuscaloosa News' Society column describes the interrupted wedding.
"Miss Leach Writes of Leach Society Wedding During the War.
Lovely Miss Marie Leach, one of| the brightest students in the Tuscaloosa High school wrote an account of the Leach-Carpenter wedding during the war in response to a request made by Mrs. Owen of the Montgomery Advertiser some weeks ago .This bit of Tuscaloosa history, as written by a descendent of the parties participating in the war wedding, was considered so excellent that it was placed on the editorial page of the Advertiser and since the Leach Carpenter wedding appeared in episode of the pageant Tuesday afternoon and evening, it is but fitting that we reproduce Miss Leach's account of her aunt's wedding as the family remember it. (Written for A scene to represent this thrilling wedding will appear in the pageant to be held in Guild's woods at Tuscaloosa's Centennial in May)
On June 12, 1921, the Selma Times-Journal published the reminiscences of Sam Will John, who was a member of the University of Alabama Corps of Cadets on the night of the interrupted wedding.
"Interrupted Wedding
"Colonel John tells of the interrupted wedding reception of Miss Emily Leach and Capt. James Carpenter, one of the most dramatic incidents of Tuscaloosa's history, and one reproduced in the spectacular pageant, given several years ago to commemorate the city's centenary. Capt. Carpenter was taken prisoner by the advance guard of Croxton's brigade, after the Leach house had been fired upon. Another Selmian has memories of the same event which will never grow dim, is Mrs.M. M. Force, who was a bridesmaid (Miss Mary Matthers) at the wedding and had just cut the ring from the bride's cake. Simultaneously with the excited cries little party "Mary cut the ring," there broke upon the air a more sinister sound, that of bullets pattering against the side of house and within a few minutes the men of the party had been carried away prisoners and the women were left alone with their fears.
"Returned To Bride.
Luck was with the bridegroom, however, for he ran across an acquaintance among the Yankee officers, who gave him permission to return to his bride. The Yankee came into the city with the young Confederate, and both were taken in hand by Dr. Garland and Col. Murphee, of the University.
From the Yankee it was learned that Croxton's forces far outnumbered the cadets, and acting on this information, the little company was withdrawn from the town to the University.""
The interrupted wedding was mentioned in the June 1, 1912 Tuscaloosa Times-Gazette obituary of J.H. Fitts. The burning of his office along with the Confederate "Tax in Kind" warehouse located where 4th Street crossed Greensboro Avenue illuminated the entire scene of the wedding on the night of April 3, 1865.
"Mr. Fitts was elected the Confederate States Depository by the Confederate Congress in 1864 and was captured by the federal soldiers when they, raided Tuscaloosa April 3rd, 1865, he being at the time at the wedding of his niece, Miss Emily Leach to Mr. J. S. Carpenter.
"His office, containing $100,000 in Confederate money and two miltions of vouchers was also raided."
Charles Wooster of Michigan was with Croxton and he mentions the interrupted wedding in a letter written a few days after the Tuscaloosa raid.
courtesy of To Tuscaloosa and Beyond: Letter from A Union Cavalry raider in Alabama, March-April 1865 – Alabama Pioneers
After our boys had got well in town the 6th Ky. band came up and played “[Ain’t I Glad to] Get out of The Wilderness” for the benefit of the Johnies; they were not slow in taking the hint and the next morning none were to be seen, except a few which we held as prisoners.
A wedding party was in the hight of its glory, when the Blue Coats rudely entered, arrested the bridegroom, who was a Capt. in the rebel army [Captain James S. Carpenter of Kentucky], and others of the gay cavaliers; the female part of the company [including the bride, Miss Emily Leach of Tuscaloosa] was in great terror—the scene had sadly and suddenly changed. I do believe it is a sin, and a disgrace to the Yankee nation, that such proceedings are tolerated.
Because of the present day conflicting locations of the interrupted wedding, the response of Google's "artificial intelligence" is so confused that its response changes with only a simple change in the text of the question asked of it.
So, HEY GOOGLE, why did Ward Hubbs place the carpenter leach wedding april 3, 1865 in the Jemison Mansion and Matt Clinton placed it in the Leach house?
Here's what Google said:
- Matt Clinton's Placement (Leach House): Historical narratives, such as those maintained by Historic Tuscaloosa, describe the wedding taking place at the Leach household. Emily was the daughter of Dr. Sewell J. Leach, and the account describes the chaotic, last-minute preparations in their home immediately following the groom's unexpected arrival on April 3, 1865. [1]
- Ward Hubbs' Placement (Jemison Mansion): The confusion might arise from the association of the Leach family with significant Tuscaloosa homes, or potentially a merging of the wedding narrative with the later history of the Jemison-Van de Graaff Mansion. The mansion, built in 1859, is a prominent historic site often used for weddings today. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Well then, HEY GOOGLE, Why are both the Leach house and the Jemison house mentioned with the Carpenter Leach wedding of April 3, 1865?
Here's what Google said:
- The Wedding Venue (Leach House): The ceremony was held at the home of Dr. Leach in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. [1]
- The Intrusion (Jemison Mansion): The nearby, brightly lit Jemison Mansion attracted Gen. Croxton’s raiding soldiers. The soldiers entered, reportedly ate the wedding cake, and took the groom, Capt. James Carpenter, prisoner. [1]
- The Connection: Following the interruption, Capt. Carpenter was marched away but later allowed to return to his bride under promise not to escape, connecting the activities of the night between the two locations. [1]
- The Context: The event occurred during the final days of the Civil War as Union forces moved through Alabama. [1]
- Change the question a little bit and you get another answer...
- Jemison Mansion (Location of the Ceremony): Senator Robert Jemison Jr. built the mansion (1859-1861). The wedding took place there on the night of April 3, 1865, as the Union army (Croxton's raiders) entered Tuscaloosa. [1]
- The Leach Family Occupancy: During the war, the Jemison family moved to Louisiana, leaving the mansion under the care of others, and it was used by the Leaches at the time of the wedding. [1]
- The Incident: Because it was brightly lit, the mansion attracted Union raiders who broke up the wedding, demanded food, and took the groom prisoner, requiring him to take his vows under tense circumstances. [1, 2]
The following details of the event were extracted from a document compiled by Mathew W. Clinton, President of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Historical Society, dated April 1965, entitled “The Federal Invasion of Tuscaloosa, 1865.”
“There was a romantic side to it all, for the romance did not die when war came to the land; in fact it flowered in full bloom all through the dark days. Tuscaloosa was in a romantic state of mind that day for the reason that there was to be a wedding that night in one of the best homes in town. Miss Emily Leach, daughter of Dr. Sewell J. Leach, was to be married to Captain James S. Carpenter, a gallant young confederate soldier from Kentucky, then on duty at Demopolis. Invitations had been issued and an elaborate “war time” supper was being prepared. All society was in a state of excitement and anticipation, and for the moment they forgot their many troubles, and there was no fear in the minds of the people, as they prepared their shabby finery for the night’s great event, which was to take place at 8 o’clock.
Dr. Leach’s home was on Fourth Street and only two blocks from the top of the river hill. There were then several other fine homes in the neighborhood and these were naturally the first places to be visited by the hungry and loot-seeking raiders, who were even then silently drawing nearer and nearer. Soon after dark, the entire street from one end to the other was filled with the carriages and buggies of the assembled guests.
The wedding ceremony was performed at 8 o’clock by Reverend Phillip Fitts, a relative of the bride. Young Tom Leach, only a boy soldier, just home from the battle of Nashville, with two old felt hats tied around his partly-frozen feet, a brother of the bride, was present. He had carried the colors, and having them shot from the staff, he hid the precious colors in his shirt and brought them home. This Confederate battle flag became the central motif of the decorations, being draped from the central chandelier under which the bride and groom stood as they were being wed.
Captain Carpenter was dressed in his best Confederate uniform, and his attendants, all soldiers on leave or local duty, were uniformed. The bridesmaids, all dressed in borrowed finery, were: Misses Mary and Laura Matthews, Belle Woodruff, a local beauty, Louella Cochrane, Alice Stafford, Lydia Peck and Mollie Fink of Selma, Alabama. Miss Mary Matthews, who later became Mrs. Force of Selma, and who served that city as postmistress for many years, wrote, in her later years, a most gripping and romantic story of the wedding and it was from this and local stories that the account of this social affair has been documented and can be considered authentic.
Following the ceremony, an elegant dinner, considering the times, was served. The ladies were served first, and as was the custom, the men were left in the dining room for the drinks, such as they were. The ladies repaired to the parlors where they engaged in singing wartime songs. As the men drifted in, the couples paired off for dancing, and by nine o’clock happiness reigned supreme with never a thought of trouble. Suddenly firing was heard in the distance, down towards the bridge, and instantly every face blanched with fear and dread; only too well they knew what it might mean. They knew right then that the war had at last come to Tuscaloosa. Much excitement was apparent in the street outside, and as much inside. Valuables were hastily removed and hidden, the men passing their watches to the ladies who placed them in their slippers and beneath their garters, while their capacious bustles were stuffed with other valuables. A negro slave snatched the confederate flag from the chandelier and stuck it in the kitchen stove, a most thoughtful act.
The street was in an uproar, and the firing was increasing and drawing nearer and soon bullets were heard striking the walls of the house. The men might have escaped to the deep gulley in the rear, but they chose to remain with the ladies for whatever protection they might afford. One of them, just out of prison, bemoaned the fact that he would have to return to its horrors. One fellow hid under the back steps but a vicious dog ran him back indoors.
Dr. and Mrs. Leach remained calm under it all, and comforted their guests as best they could. The bride and her maids repaired to the upstairs, where they tried to comfort her in her distress. The men decided to surrender as resistance would have been useless, and would have brought on more serious trouble. One young lady attempted to leave by the front door and the first soldier to come on the porch fired at her, but Mrs. Leach, who had followed her out, managed to throw the gun up and no one was hurt. The enemy swarmed in in a short while, first placing all the men under arrest except Dr. Leach, who was an old man and in a low state of health. Following this they demanded food. Mrs. Leach graciously served them what was left, much to the disgust of the negroes. She apologized that she had no wine to serve them. Then the looting began, which continued all through the night and they made a clean job of it. Herding the men together, they prepared to take them across to the camp over the river. Captain Carpenter pleaded for the right to say farewell to his bride, and with a guard he was allowed to go upstairs, where he took a hasty, if tearful, farewell less than an hour after his marriage. Leaving the room, blinded with tears, he stumbled and fell down the steps, to the amusement of his captors. He was carried away and across to Northport. It is said that after reaching camp, Captain Carpenter was recognized by an old school mate, and he persuaded General Croxton to allow him to return to his bride under promise that he would not attempt to escape. He later returned to the camp and remained a prisoner for several days, being later paroled and allowed his freedom.”
Bullets and Bridesmaids
The 1865 wedding of Captain James Slaughter Carpenter (CSA) to Miss Emily Alston Leach of Tuscaloosa might be called a “shotgun wedding,” but not because the groom wasn’t willing.
Captain Carpenter was my first cousin four times removed, born in Bardstown, Kentucky, on January 23, 1840. He joined the Confederate Army in 1861 under General Sidney Johnston, 9th Kentucky Infantry (“The Orphan Brigade”). After the Battle of Shiloh in 1862, he was assigned to duty in the commissary department at Demopolis, Alabama. It was there that he met Emily Leach and the couple planned to marry.
The following details of the event were extracted from a document compiled by Mathew W. Clinton, President of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Historical Society, dated April 1965, entitled “The Federal Invasion of Tuscaloosa, 1865.”
There was a romantic side to it all, for the romance did not die when war came to the land; in fact it flowered in full bloom all through the dark days. Tuscaloosa was in a romantic state of mind that day for the reason that there was to be a wedding that night in one of the best homes in town. Miss Emily Leach, daughter of Dr. Sewell J. Leach, was to be married to Captain James S. Carpenter, a gallant young confederate soldier from Kentucky, then on duty at Demopolis. Invitations had been issued and an elaborate “war time” supper was being prepared. All society was in a state of excitement and anticipation, and for the moment they forgot their many troubles, and there was no fear in the minds of the people, as they prepared their shabby finery for the night’s great event, which was to take place at 8 o’clock.
Dr. Leach’s home was on Fourth Street and only two blocks from the top of the river hill. There were then several other fine homes in the neighborhood and these were naturally the first places to be visited by the hungry and loot-seeking raiders, who were even then silently drawing nearer and nearer. Soon after dark, the entire street from one end to the other was filled with the carriages and buggies of the assembled guests.
The wedding ceremony was performed at 8 o’clock by Reverend Phillip Fitts, a relative of the bride. Young Tom Leach, only a boy soldier, just home from the battle of Nashville, with two old felt hats tied around his partly-frozen feet, a brother of the bride, was present. He had carried the colors, and having them shot from the staff, he hid the precious colors in his shirt and brought them home. This Confederate battle flag became the central motif of the decorations, being draped from the central chandelier under which the bride and groom stood as they were being wed.
Captain Carpenter was dressed in his best Confederate uniform, and his attendants, all soldiers on leave or local duty, were uniformed. The bridesmaids, all dressed in borrowed finery, were: Misses Mary and Laura Matthews, Belle Woodruff, a local beauty, Louella Cochrane, Alice Stafford, Lydia Peck and Mollie Fink of Selma, Alabama. Miss Mary Matthews, who later became Mrs. Force of Selma, and who served that city as postmistress for many years, wrote, in her later years, a most gripping and romantic story of the wedding and it was from this and local stories that the account of this social affair has been documented and can be considered authentic.
Following the ceremony, an elegant dinner, considering the times, was served. The ladies were served first, and as was the custom, the men were left in the dining room for the drinks, such as they were. The ladies repaired to the parlors where they engaged in singing wartime songs. As the men drifted in, the couples paired off for dancing, and by nine o’clock happiness reigned supreme with never a thought of trouble. Suddenly firing was heard in the distance, down towards the bridge, and instantly every face blanched with fear and dread; only too well they knew what it might mean. They knew right then that the war had at last come to Tuscaloosa. Much excitement was apparent in the street outside, and as much inside. Valuables were hastily removed and hidden, the men passing their watches to the ladies who placed them in their slippers and beneath their garters, while their capacious bustles were stuffed with other valuables. A negro slave snatched the confederate flag from the chandelier and stuck it in the kitchen stove, a most thoughtful act.
The street was in an uproar, and the firing was increasing and drawing nearer and soon bullets were heard striking the walls of the house. The men might have escaped to the deep gulley in the rear, but they chose to remain with the ladies for whatever protection they might afford. One of them, just out of prison, bemoaned the fact that he would have to return to its horrors. One fellow hid under the back steps but a vicious dog ran him back indoors.
Dr. and Mrs. Leach remained calm under it all, and comforted their guests as best they could. The bride and her maids repaired to the upstairs, where they tried to comfort her in her distress. The men decided to surrender as resistance would have been useless, and would have brought on more serious trouble. One young lady attempted to leave by the front door and the first soldier to come on the porch fired at her, but Mrs. Leach, who had followed her out, managed to throw the gun up and no one was hurt. The enemy swarmed in in a short while, first placing all the men under arrest except Dr. Leach, who was an old man and in a low state of health. Following this they demanded food. Mrs. Leach graciously served them what was left, much to the disgust of the negroes. She apologized that she had no wine to serve them. Then the looting began, which continued all through the night and they made a clean job of it. Herding the men together, they prepared to take them across to the camp over the river. Captain Carpenter pleaded for the right to say farewell to his bride, and with a guard he was allowed to go upstairs, where he took a hasty, if tearful, farewell less than an hour after his marriage. Leaving the room, blinded with tears, he stumbled and fell down the steps, to the amusement of his captors. He was carried away and across to Newport. It is said that after reaching camp, Captain Carpenter was recognized by an old school mate, and he persuaded General Croxton to allow him to return to his bride under promise that he would not attempt to escape. He later returned to the camp and remained a prisoner for several days, being later paroled and allowed his freedom.
At the close of the Civil War, the Carpenters loaded their belongings in a wagon and moved back to Kentucky. James became a prominent businessman, a general agent for the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company. He and Emily made their home at 1211 Second Street, in what is now “Old Louisville,” and raised six children. Emily died just one week before their Golden Wedding Anniversary, due to an abdominal tumor and acute uraemia. The Captain died five months later after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage. The couple is buried in Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville, but the story of their war-time wedding lives on in recollections of life in the South in Civil War times.
The photo below was taken by Louisville Courier-Journal photographer Frank Wybrant at the Sixth Reunion of the Orphan Brigade in Bardstown, Kentucky, in 1887. Although James Carpenter’s name is on the roster of attendees, we don’t know whether he appears in the photo. He would have been 47 years old.
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